Expressive Arts Therapy Essay - 1875 Words

Before we can understand what expressive art therapy is, however, an understanding of terms, like imagination and creativity, is necessary. There is a lack of consensus about how imagination and creativity are defined and who is capable of it. In therapeutic contexts, the essence of imagination is the substance of dreams. Dreams, however, are not just images. In dreams, sounds, rhythms, acts, etc. can be perceived in a sensory or experiential way (Levine Levine, 2004). Creativity springs from imagination and is understood in terms of its qualities and characteristics: spontaneity, playfulness, motivation, originality, self-expression, inventiveness, divergent thinking, and intuition. Creativity pushes limits, breaks down barriers, and†¦show more content†¦Western traditions narrowly define art as a market-oriented specialized discipline (Levine Levine, 2004). When art is used therapeutically, content and meaning take priority over mechanics and technicalities. Creativity and creative process figure prominently in the theories of both Freud and Jung. Freud considers the source and motivation for creativity while Jung focuses on creative process. According to Freud, creativity is rooted in conflicts. The creative process is a response to the need to resolve conflicts. Freud includes daydreams and fantasies in the realm of creative works. They are inner desires, frustrations, or discontent transformed into art, literature, or music. Jung also believes human consciousness provides the content for art, literature and music. He identifies two types of creative processes: psychological and visionary. The psychological mode originates out of the collective unconscious and archetypes. Visionary creative processes are transcendental and universal in both meaning and response. This visionary mode is limited to the gifted few being capable of its expression (Malchiodi, 2007). Almost every theoretical orientation has adapted the use and techniques of expressive arts therapy in some way. Humanistic psychology, for example, emphasizes the importance of play, creativity, and spontaneity. The creative process is intrinsic to self-actualization. Self-actualization makes life more meaningful and enhances abilities,Show MoreRelatedExpressive Arts Therapy Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesExpressive arts therapy is the use of art modalities, creative process, and aesthetic experience in a therapeutic context. It is a therapy of the imagination (McNiff, 1992). Effective communication is an essential element in therapeutic relationships and, although verbal language is the most conventional means of conveying information, other forms can convey just as much as words. The arts are an alternative form of communication that has recently received recognition for their value in therapeuticRead MoreExpressive Arts Therapy Essay2206 Words   |  9 PagesThe guidelines for practice of expressive arts therapy is informed by six principles: physical environment, emotional safety, non-interpretative approaches, role in assessment or diagnosis, media choices, and empathetic listening. Suitable physical environments are caring and safe places. Physical spaces are ones of privacy and comfort. Emotional safety is found in the rapport established between the therapist and client as well as ensuring that creative products will be treated confidentially.Read MoreExistential and Expressive Arts Therapy Essay1762 Words   |  8 PagesExistential and Expressive Arts Therapy Sarà © Gebhardt GEXTH 5102.01 Karen Estrella November 30, 2008 Sometime in the late eighties, Shaun McNiff, Sr. Kathleen Burke and I sat in a small pub in Cleveland, Ohio. It was after midnight when conversation turned to my writing project, this book. Sr. Kathleen asked, â€Å"What’s the title going to be?† â€Å"Well,† I replied, â€Å"the working title is Existential Art Therapy.† Shaun sighed. â€Å"Bruce, don’t be redundant. All art is existential.† †¦I haveRead MoreThe Worlds Self Conscious And The Healing Process1619 Words   |  7 PagesHistorical Relevance. â€Å"Our century s self-conscious interest in culture and society has produced valuable attempts to retell the Western past with the aid of such organizing principles as technological change, art collecting† (Barzun, 1990, p. xiii) Considering modern globalization trends, technology and data flow, the comparative historical approach has â€Å"identified general features of the modern capitalist economy† (Bentz Shapiro, 1998, p.134) as more relevant. Trends from Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)Read MoreThe Person Centered Therapy Approach1487 Words   |  6 Pagesapproach of therapy as a reaction to the directive approach of psychoanalysis and behaviorism. This type of therapy would be catagorized under the humananistic perspective. The person-centered therapy emphasizes facilitative therapy conditions as a means to behavior change in individuals, groups, f amilies, schools and communities. There are facilitative conditions to this type of therapy, they include: congruence, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding. Person-centered therapy goalRead MoreA Perspective On Person Centered Therapy2244 Words   |  9 Pagestechniques, this paper seeks to generate objective research that informs the reader on Person-Centered Therapy. This paper endeavors to educate the reader on the historical beginnings of this approach, drawing especially from the life and contributions of Carl Rogers. The author highlights the types of issues that the theory addresses best, discussing in detail some of the ways that Person-Centered Therapy has produced positive outcomes. While recognizing that no one approach is perfect, the author discussesRead MoreEssay On Improving Health And Wellness736 Words   |  3 Pagesgroup showed a drop in HIV viral loads, and an increase CD4+ lymphocyte counts. The CD4+ lymphocyte counts continuously increas ed over the six month period, while the control group’s CD4+ lymphocyte counts remained stable. Poetry is another form of expressive writing. Various authors describe poetry as a way for people to gain access to their innermost thoughts. Writing poetry can be healing because it allows writers the opportunity for self-expression not otherwise felt through everyday words. All typesRead More Emotional Release: Benefits of Art Therapy   Essay2772 Words   |  12 PagesTitle Emotional Release: Benefits of Art Therapy A 6-year-old girl sits next to her therapist, with signs of anxiety upon her face. Pieces of paper, pencil and some markers are placed in front of the girl. She is hesitant to speak out, but these colors do help release some of the tension in the air. She begins to draw and paint, in a matter of fifteen minutes she finishes with a sequence of fourteen pictures: â€Å"A little girl pig is attacked by a man who wax her with a big stickRead MoreArt Therapy As An Industry2159 Words   |  9 PagesArt Therapy Art therapy as an industry is surrounded by many questions. Questions that are led by a lack of conclusive evidence. Art Therapy has multiple techniques and options, though many are left undiscovered due to such controversy surrounding the industry. Art Therapy can help lead to countless diagnoses, anything from Alzheimer’s to depression; and can be used in marriage counselling or physical ailments. With so many uses, why is this form of therapy still looked down upon by such a vastRead MoreArt Therapy Essay2790 Words   |  12 PagesWhat Is Art Therapy? Most forms of therapy are centered on verbal communication. Art therapy, however, breaks that mold and introduces a more creative means of both communicating ideas and learning to grow. The American Art Therapy Association defines art therapy as: Art therapy is a mental health profession in which clients, facilitated by the art therapist, use art media, the creative process, and the resulting artwork to explore their feelings, reconcile emotional conflicts, foster self-awareness

Circadian Clock Mutants in Arabidopsis by Millar, Carre, Strayer, Article

Essays on Circadian Clock Mutants in Arabidopsis by Millar, Carre, Strayer, Chua, and Kay Article The paper "Circadian Clock Mutants in Arabidopsis by Millar, Carre, Strayer, Chua, and Kay" is a delightful example of an article on biology. Various aspects of plant development and metabolism are regulated by the circadian clock. Since clock mutations in some species mainly influence a number of rhythmic markers in parallel, it means that alone oscillators can manage several outputs. In a bid to identify mutant seedlings with abnormal cycling patterns, the study used the rotating bioluminescence of  Arabidopsis plants  bearing a firefly  luciferase  combination construct with the initial peak of luminescence sequence varying from the wild types’ (Millar et.al, 1995). The period and frequency have isolated the genes that influence circadian rhythmicity. Allelic chains at each locus are; long- and short-period alleles, whereas the null alleles, are mostly arrhythmic. Despite the lack of palpable homology of phase or rate of recurrence series to the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, identification of genes needed for oscillator purposes can still be done using genetic screens for period mutants. They used a preset video imaging system to observe leaf movements and the transgenic parent line in tool plants. The recovered Mutants with both long- and short time, partially dominant short-period mutation drawn, and timed of CAB expression (toc1), into the chromosome. According to Millar, the phase of entrainment, amplitude of cycling, and earlier luminescence levels were not extensively changed in the mutant. The tool individuals grown in light or dark were similar to the parent transgenic. Separation of a tool from the transgene showed that the mutation was not dependent on the correspondent gene.The results concluded that the toc1 mutation condenses the movements of primary leaves, the manifestation of  chlorophyll a/b-binding  protein (CAB) genes and the phase of two separate  circadian rhythms, although toc1 mutants do not express wide-ranging pleiotropy for other phenotypes.1. How does light affect tool seedlings compared to wild type?2. Does the tool mutation express any variance in their phenotypes? Explain.

An Insight on “The need for a Working Society” Free Essays

Flora Tristan was a woman brought up by her mother. Her father died when she was very young, and she was denied, due to her illegitimacy, her father†s inheritance as a rich aristocrat. She gained strength living in poverty and as an adult fought for her place in her father†s family. We will write a custom essay sample on An Insight on â€Å"The need for a Working Society† or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although Flora did not succeed in receiving the inheritance she was welcomed within the family. After escaping from her brutal husband, Flora took her daughter and began a life of travels; learning about people, societies, and especially the lives of women. Flora Tristan†s largest accomplishment was the development and teachings of the Workers† Union, with the incorporation of equality for women with every step . I will focus on how Tristan linked the conditions of women and men workers, how her proposed Workers† Union emancipated both men and women, and how she was received by workingwomen and workingmen. Tristan†s ability to link the conditions of women and men workers was incredible. Tristan saw and experienced the abuse of women in the home and on the job. She linked a woman†s life as a servant to her husband, children, father, and brothers. Women lived life uneducated, unstimulated, and underutilized. â€Å"Tristan continued, women were kept ignorant, brought up either to be gentle and patronizing dolls or slaves, destined to please and serve their masters. † (Strumingher, 97) Tristan believed that it was in a man†s own self-interest to work for the equality of women at work. For men would reap the benefits of gaining more household income and the betterment of their marriage and home life. Not only this, but men would not have to work as hard with the emancipation of women. Tristan was appalled by the working conditions of the English workers†, both men an women, they were unbearable. She visited many factories and could not believe the abuse and unsanitary conditions. She thought that England was indeed the most abusive place for the humanity of the workers. The toxic smells, the extreme contrasts between severe cold into the fiery hot burning coals they had to endure. The life expectancy was short, approximately thirty five for industrial men, and a bit higher for those not under such intense labor. The moral of these workers were low. Happiness was not an option these people worked twelve hours a day and by the time they go home they ate and slept to regain their strength for the next day, fun and enjoyment was not an choice. The end result of the extreme labor was said to be the increase of those going to the taverns and drinking into oblivion. This was the only way for the working class to get away from the miserable conditions of working life. â€Å"In England, where the working class is much more ignorant and unhappy than in France, the workers, men and women, push this vice of drunkenness to the brink of insanity. (Beik, 118) Drunkenness had become an epidemic, the working class was desperate for a way to escape the mental and physical pain of daily life. The fact that women earned one half the wages of men was one factor that Tristan fought. She became adamant about the equality of equal pay and equal work for both men and women. Tristan advocated that women worked much harder and faster in order to make more money just to survive, in the end the idea was that eventually men would be discarded and replaced by the cheaper labor of women. Through Tristan†s travels she was able to see the inequality women suffered through first hand experience and she was able to visualize, create, and implement a societal change, a paradigm shift, that would impact the history forever. The creation of the Workers† Union and the fight for human rights. Tristan†s proposed Workers† Union did in fact lead to the emancipation of women and workers. The Workers† Union was based on several ideas; equality, human rights, child labor laws, unification of classes, workers compensation, education prior to working, and generating capital to prevent poverty. Tristan fought for equality of men and women in the home, workplace, and in receiving an education. â€Å"†¦ But let us hasten to say that to enjoy equality and liberty in principle is to live in spirit, and if he who brought to the world the law of the spirit spoke wisely in saying that â€Å"man does not live by bread alone,† I believe that it is also wise to say that â€Å"man does not live by spirit alone. † (Beik, 108) Tristan captivated the idea of happiness and its true meaning, that no man or woman could be happy without complete emancipation for everyone. With the idea of the Workers† Union, Tristan†s goal was to unite men and women despite their trades, associations, or classes. This unification would bond the groups together to be large enough to fight for justice as needed against those in power. The idea that small groups do not carry a voice and one large group carries strength and has one large voice to be heard. â€Å"In sum Flora†s Workers† Union advocated a general union of men and women of all trades dedicated to two principles: the right to work for all workers, and equal pay for equal work. (Strumingher, 101) Tristan also proposed to have a place where children could go to receive food, hygiene and grooming instructions, exercise, crafts while earning money at the same time. They were in essence being paid to get a basic education and skills. This place was known as the â€Å"Workers† Palace†. Tristan succeeded with the emancipation of both men and women by presenting her research, teaching, and wining people over to the idea of the Workers† Union and how this would help to support men and woman. By understanding the limitations of humans, by looking for a balance of work and time for pleasure, and by stressing the need for education for our children. Tristan met the hearts of people and captured the insanity of their current lifestyles. She was able to influence the naive and accept those who could not understand doing anything other than serving their husbands and children. In general Tristan had a variance in how she was received by men and women. Some women did not accept her due to the hatred caused by ignorance, she was accused of misleading husbands. All in all Tristan was accepting of those who did not see her way and would move on to find people who would listen and follow. She didn†t waste time on useless tactics, she used her time and influence wisely. As Tristan†s plan was evolving, she began to meet with as many influential men as she could. Artisans who liked the idea but not the idea of being relegated to sharing her ideas. She moved on to many other artisans with no success until she read and corresponded with the works of two others, Adolphe Boyer, and Pierre Moreau. These two men worked to reform the compagnonnage and agreed with many of Tristan†s ideas. Workers, we shouldn†t help each other only because we†re in the same trade, but because we are all workers, all in the same social category. † ( Strumingher, 91) Most men and women endorsed, at least a part of, Tristan†s plan of the Worker†s Union, at least pieces of it were accepted by most. She had many difficulties in publishing her work, unable to publish in the press and unable to find a publisher who would support her. She began a diary. Tristan took up a collection from her friends and with this money she was able to publish her first book. Tristan had the chore of having to change the ideas of a society and a way of life. People tend to resist change and have a hard time visualizing the benefits, especially when asked to contribute money each year for this Union. In spite of these obstacles, Tristan had a tremendous following. Women and workers were considered one in the same, both leading lives of unhappiness and slavery. Both were immersed in poverty and abuse, were suppressed, and suffered dehumanization. With the creation of the Workers† Union, Tristan recognized the need to change the way the working class, and women were treated. She brought together different classes, sexes, and moved children out of the workforce and into education. She fought for equal rights for everyone. The Workers† Union slowly changed history, slowly, to developing women and men and leading to their full emancipation. This was the beginning of a future of human rights and an educated society, regardless of sex or race. With these changes Tristan taught, wrote, and traveled to educate the people. She was embraced by many and also had many critics. Most people embraced pieces of Tristan†s plans, which helped in the overall acceptance of the beginning of the Workers† Union. 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